Aurangzeb Alamgir, the sixth ruler of the Mughal Empire, is the most hated king in Indian history. He was the last great imperial power in India before British colonialism. He is known for destroying India politically, socially and culturally.
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Aurangzeb, the most atrocious Mughal emperor, enforced the policy: “Convert to Islam or be beheaded.” He imprisoned his father and had his older brother killed before ruling India for nearly 50 years, from 1658 to 1707. He is that wound in the history of India that keeps hurting every now and then. The latest Bollywood film ‘Chhava’ reiterated the Indians view of the brutal oppressor who is the most hated Mughal emperor in history.
It is unfortunate that even today some political leaders glorify Aurangzeb’s barbaric activities for their political gains. Samajwadi Party (SP) leader Abu Azmi recently praised Aurangzeb, which created a lot of furore from Maharashtra to Uttar Pradesh.Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath also took a ‘kambakht’ swipe at Azmi for praising the Mughal emperor. “Remove that person from the (Samajwadi) party and send him to UP; we will do his treatment,” Yogi said on Wednesday. However, he is often lauded as a ‘man of perfection’ by Muslim historians. Well, as history shows, he was perfect, but only in tormenting others for his benefit.
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Aurangzeb followed the traditional practice in Muslim countries of ‘takht ya takhta’ or ‘throne or coffin’. The sixth emperor of the Mughal Empire, he is often described as the “last effective Mughal ruler.” A devout Muslim, Aurangzeb was an expansionist who imposed tough Sharia laws and brought back the discriminatory ‘jizya’ tax that Hindu residents had to pay in return for protection.
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Aurangzeb’s Destruction of Temples and Suppression of Fine Arts
As per the historians, Aurangzeb hated music and other fine arts and ordered the destruction of several temples. Aurangzeb vandalised the famous Somnath temple, Kashi Vishwanath temple, Trimbakeshwar Shiva temple and many ancient and mediaeval-era shrines in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and other regions across India.
Aurangzeb was born in 1618. He was the third son of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal. In the Mughal Empire, people believed that all sons had equal rights to the throne, so each son quickly prepared to prove himself as the greatest Mughal ruler.Aurangzeb won the battle against his brothers. He ordered his eldest brother Dara Shikoh to be beheaded and imprisoned his father. Shah Jahan would live out his final years imprisoned by his son, with his daughter to care for him until he died in 1666.Aurangzeb declared himself Emperor of Mughal India in 1658.
Aurangzeb failed in his first attempt of vandalising Kashi Vishwanath. He and his Mughal forces first attacked the temple in 1664. The Naga Sadhus resisted and defended the temple. They badly defeated Aurangzeb and his forces. This defeat of the Mughals finds mention in James G Lochtefeld’s book ‘The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Volume 1’. According to this book, the Naga Sadhus of Mahanirvani Akhara of Varanasi offered resistance against Aurangzeb. The book also describes the defeat of the Mughals.